The Merneptah Stele
A people called Israel existed in Canaan by about 1208 BC — named by a hostile Egyptian king with no interest in flattering them.
Названо вне БиблииНадписьc. 1208 BC
A black granite victory stele of the pharaoh Merneptah. Its closing lines list places and peoples defeated in Canaan — Ashkelon, Gezer, Yanoam — and among them "Israel", written with the hieroglyphic marker for a people rather than a settled city-state. It is the earliest known mention of Israel anywhere outside the Bible.
Israel is laid waste, his seed is not.
- Найдено
- Merneptah's mortuary temple, Thebes, Egypt, 1896 — W. M. Flinders Petrie
- Хранится
- Egyptian Museum, Cairo (JE 31408)
- Язык
- Egyptian (hieroglyphic)
- Как это дошло до нас
- Раскопано или до сих пор стоит там, где было построено.
Что она показывает
The reading "Israel" is near-universally accepted. What the stele does not tell us is Israel's size, origin or organisation; those remain debated.
Как это используют историки
Standard fixed point in the archaeology of Late Bronze Age Canaan, cited in secular handbooks as the terminus ante quem for Israel's presence in the land.
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Пока эти тексты на английском. Переводы появятся позже.