Jiwe la Merneptah
Watu waitwao Israeli walikuwepo Kanaani ifikapo mwaka 1208 KK — wakitajwa na mfalme wa Misri aliyekuwa adui, asiye na sababu yoyote ya kuwasifu.
Ametajwa nje ya BibliaMaandishi ya jiwec. 1208 BC
A black granite victory stele of the pharaoh Merneptah. Its closing lines list places and peoples defeated in Canaan — Ashkelon, Gezer, Yanoam — and among them "Israel", written with the hieroglyphic marker for a people rather than a settled city-state. It is the earliest known mention of Israel anywhere outside the Bible.
Israel is laid waste, his seed is not.
- Kilipatikana
- Merneptah's mortuary temple, Thebes, Egypt, 1896 — W. M. Flinders Petrie
- Kinahifadhiwa
- Egyptian Museum, Cairo (JE 31408)
- Lugha
- Egyptian (hieroglyphic)
- Jinsi kilivyotufikia
- Kimefukuliwa, au bado kimesimama pale kilipojengwa.
Kinachoonyesha
The reading "Israel" is near-universally accepted. What the stele does not tell us is Israel's size, origin or organisation; those remain debated.
Jinsi wanahistoria wanavyokitumia
Standard fixed point in the archaeology of Late Bronze Age Canaan, cited in secular handbooks as the terminus ante quem for Israel's presence in the land.
Katika Maandiko
Kinahusiana na
Vyanzo
Kwa sasa maelezo haya yapo kwa Kiingereza. Tafsiri zitafuata.