The Bubastite Portal — Shoshenq I's campaign in Canaan
An Egyptian campaign into Canaan at roughly the biblical date is recorded by the pharaoh himself, on a temple wall still standing.
Fakakikihi'iTohi tongi makac. 925 BC
A triumphal relief of the pharaoh Shoshenq I listing towns taken in a campaign through Canaan, including sites in the Negev and the northern valleys. The Bible records a pharaoh named Shishak invading in the fifth year of Rehoboam and stripping the temple treasury.
A list of more than 150 captured place-names, among them Megiddo, Taanach, Beth-Shean and Gibeon.
- Na'e 'ilo'i
- Temple of Amun, Karnak, Egypt — Recorded by nineteenth-century Egyptologists in situ
- 'Oku tauhi 'i
- In place at Karnak
- Lea
- Egyptian (hieroglyphic)
- Na'e a'u mai fēfē kiate kitautolu
- Na'e keli hake, pe 'oku kei tu'u 'i he potu na'e langa ai.
Ko e me'a 'oku ne fakahā
The identification of Shoshenq I with the biblical Shishak is the mainstream view but not unanimous, and Jerusalem does not appear in the surviving, damaged list — so the campaign is attested while its biblical detail is not.
Founga hono ngāue'aki 'e he kau hisitōlia
A key synchronism between Egyptian and Levantine chronology, used in secular scholarship to date Iron Age destruction layers — while remaining a live debate.
'I he Folofola
Fekau'aki mo
Ngaahi ma'u'anga fakamatala
- Bubastite Portal — overview and bibliography
- Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd ed.
'Oku 'i he lea faka-Pilitānia 'a e ngaahi fakamatala ko 'eni he taimi ni. 'E muimui mai 'a e liliu.