Quirinius, the census, and a date that will not settle
Roman provincial censuses are well documented, and Quirinius is a real governor with a datable census — but that census falls about a decade after Herod's death, and the two datings have not been reconciled.
Fakakikihi'iTohi tangata motu'a1st century AD records
Luke dates the birth of Jesus to a census under Quirinius, governor of Syria. Josephus places Quirinius's governorship and its census in AD 6 — about ten years after the death of Herod the Great, whom Matthew and Luke both have alive at the birth. Roman censuses in the provinces are well attested, and an inscription records an unnamed official who governed Syria twice, which some read as Quirinius.
And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.
- Na'e 'ilo'i
- Josephus's Antiquities; Roman inscriptions including the Lapis Tiburtinus
- 'Oku tauhi 'i
- Vatican Museums (Lapis Tiburtinus); manuscript collections
- Lea
- Latin and Greek
- Na'e a'u mai fēfē kiate kitautolu
- Na'e 'ikai ke tanu — na'e hiki nima, to'utangata ki he to'utangata, kae 'oua kuo a'u ki he pulusi.
Ko e me'a 'oku ne fakahā
This is an open problem, not a solved one. Proposed solutions include an earlier Quirinius command, a different translation of Luke's phrase, or an error. None commands agreement. We list it because a collection that only showed the comfortable cases would not be worth reading.
Founga hono ngāue'aki 'e he kau hisitōlia
A standard crux in Roman provincial history and in Gospel chronology, argued in the mainstream literature from several sides.
'I he Folofola
Fekau'aki mo
Ngaahi ma'u'anga fakamatala
- Josephus, Antiquities 18.1–2
- Census of Quirinius — overview of the problem and the proposed solutions
'Oku 'i he lea faka-Pilitānia 'a e ngaahi fakamatala ko 'eni he taimi ni. 'E muimui mai 'a e liliu.