The "Baruch son of Neriah" bullae
Unprovenanced: bought, not excavated. No stratified example of this seal is known, and its authenticity is questioned by epigraphers.
Fakakikihi'iMe'aclaimed late 7th century BC
Two clay seal impressions reading "Belonging to Berekhyahu son of Neriyahu, the scribe" — the full form of the name of Jeremiah's secretary Baruch. They surfaced on the antiquities market in 1975 with no excavation context, and no example has been found in a dig. Specialists in Hebrew epigraphy have questioned their authenticity, including a fingerprint once publicised as Baruch's own.
Belonging to Berekhyahu son of Neriyahu, the scribe.
- Na'e 'ilo'i
- Unknown — surfaced on the antiquities market, 1975 — No excavation context
- 'Oku tauhi 'i
- Israel Museum and private collections
- Lea
- Hebrew
- Na'e a'u mai fēfē kiate kitautolu
- Na'e keli hake, pe 'oku kei tu'u 'i he potu na'e langa ai.
Ko e me'a 'oku ne fakahā
Unprovenanced. Without an excavation context there is no way to test the object against its findspot, which is why academic epigraphy treats market-bought bullae with caution.
Founga hono ngāue'aki 'e he kau hisitōlia
Frequently reproduced in popular books; treated with caution or set aside in academic epigraphy, precisely because it lacks provenance.
'I he Folofola
Fekau'aki mo
Ngaahi ma'u'anga fakamatala
- Rollston, "Non-Provenanced Epigraphs", Maarav 11 (2004)
- Bulla of Baruch ben Neriah — overview and the authenticity debate
'Oku 'i he lea faka-Pilitānia 'a e ngaahi fakamatala ko 'eni he taimi ni. 'E muimui mai 'a e liliu.