The Merneptah Stele
A people called Israel existed in Canaan by about 1208 BC — named by a hostile Egyptian king with no interest in flattering them.
Nabanggit sa labas ng BibliyaInskripsiyonc. 1208 BC
A black granite victory stele of the pharaoh Merneptah. Its closing lines list places and peoples defeated in Canaan — Ashkelon, Gezer, Yanoam — and among them "Israel", written with the hieroglyphic marker for a people rather than a settled city-state. It is the earliest known mention of Israel anywhere outside the Bible.
Israel is laid waste, his seed is not.
- Natagpuan
- Merneptah's mortuary temple, Thebes, Egypt, 1896 — W. M. Flinders Petrie
- Nasa
- Egyptian Museum, Cairo (JE 31408)
- Wika
- Egyptian (hieroglyphic)
Gaano ito kalayo
The reading "Israel" is near-universally accepted. What the stele does not tell us is Israel's size, origin or organisation; those remain debated.
Paano ito ginagamit ng mga istoryador
Standard fixed point in the archaeology of Late Bronze Age Canaan, cited in secular handbooks as the terminus ante quem for Israel's presence in the land.
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Mga sanggunian
Sa ngayon ay nasa Ingles ang mga paglalarawang ito. Susunod ang mga salin.